REFORMASI STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN KEBIJAKAN KETAHANAN ENERGI: STUDI PERBANDINGAN DENGAN AMERIKA SERIKAT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35586/jyur.v13i1.13865Keywords:
Hukum Energi, Impor BBM Satu Pintu, Kebijakan Strategic Petroleum Reserve, Ketahanan EnergiAbstract
Indonesia is currently facing an increase in fuel oil (BBM) consumption that is not matched by domestic production, resulting in Indonesia becoming a net oil importer. To maintain price and supply stability, the government has implemented a single-gate fuel import policy by strengthening the role of Pertamina. However, this policy is short-term in nature and does not provide structural protection against the risks of global price fluctuations and supply disruptions. The high level of dependence on imports therefore remains a serious threat to national energy security. At the same time, Indonesia does not yet have a comprehensive legal framework governing the establishment and management of a Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). In fact, the SPR functions as an emergency reserve policy instrument that can safeguard supply during crisis situations without requiring direct intervention in market mechanisms. This study examines the urgency of regulating the SPR within Indonesia’s energy law by conducting a comparative analysis with the legal framework of the United States, as regulated under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) of 1975. The study shows that the U.S. SPR system is able to balance market mechanisms and state intervention, while strengthening national energy security through a strong legal foundation. This research recommends that reform of Indonesia’s energy law through the establishment of an SPR policy is urgently needed to reduce import dependence and to strengthen the sustainable stability of energy supply.
Downloads
References
Buku
Beaubouef, Bruce A. 2007. The Strategic Petroleum Reserve: U.S. Energy Security and Oil Politics, 1975-2005. Texas: A&M University Press
Butar, Franky Butar. 2023. Pengantar Hukum Minyak Dan Gas Bumi. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press
Fulwood, Mike. 2024. What Drives International Gas Prices in Competitive Markets ? Four Fallacies and a Hypothesis. United Kingdom: Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
Hasan Wijayanti, Andika Drajat Murdani. 2025. Panduan Perdagangan Ekspor Impor. Bantul: Anak Hebat Indonesia
Ladislaw, Sarah O. 2015. “ Modernization Of The Strategic Petroleum Reserve And Related Energy Security Considerations ” A Testimony By. Washington DC: Center For Strategic & Interantional Studies
Laurance R. Geri, David E. McNabb. 2011. Energy Policy in the U.S. Politics, Challenges, and Prospects for Change. New York: Routledge
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. 2008. Penelitian Hukum 4th edn. Jakarta: Kencana
Siregar, Indri Pratiwi. 2023. Hukum Anti Monopoli Dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat. Lombok Tengah: Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia
Wahyudin Sunarya, Giri Ahmad Taufik. 2017. Pengantar Hukum Minyak Dan Gas Indonesia. Depok: Kantor Hukum Wibowo dan Rekan
Yetiv, Steve A. 2004. CRUDE AWAKENINGS: GLOBAL OIL SECURITY AND AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY. London: Cornel University Press
Yuniza, Mailinda Eka. 2021. Pengantar Hukum Energi. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers
Jurnal
Addiena Syamila, Syafruddin Karimi, Endrizal Ridwan, ‘Pengaruh Harga Minyak Mentah Dunia Terhadap Makroekonomi Indonesia: Net Eksportir Dan Net Importir Minyak 1991-2015’, JIMEA: Urnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, Dan Akuntansi), 4 (2020), 161–75
Anas, Titik, Hal Hill, Dionisius Narjoko, and Chandra Tri Putra, ‘Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies The Indonesian Economy in Turbulent Times’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies ISSN:, 58 (2022), 241–71 <https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2022.2133344>
Barnett, Jonathan, David Evans, Matteo Tranchero, Jorge Padilla, Magdalena Kuyterink, Lawrence Landon, and others, ‘UNDERSTANDING DYNAMIC COMPETITION : NEW PERSPECTIVES ON POTENTIAL COMPETITION , “ MONOPOLY ,” AND MARKET POWER’, Antitrust Law Journal, 3 (2025), 735–804
Darwin, Dirmansyah, I Made Jyotisa, Adi Dwipatna, Muh Fardan Ngoyo, and Abdul Rahman, ‘Implikasi Ekonomi Dari Penurunan Produksi Minyak Mentah Terhadap Kebutuhan Impor Dan Defisit Energi ( Analisis Tren Produksi Dan Ekspor- Impor BBM )’, Journal of Economics, Bussiness and Management, 2 (2025), 415–26
Grasu, Stelian, ‘Managing the Dynamics of the US Gas and Oil Market: An In-Depth Analysis’, Management and Economics Review, 8 (2023), 288–99 <https://doi.org/10.24818/mer/2023.10-03>
HELM, DIETER, JOHN KAY, DAVID THOMPSON, ‘Energy Policy and the Role of the State in the Market for Energy’, Fiscal Studies, 9 (1988), 41–61 <https://doi.org/http://www.jstor.org/stable/24436321.>
Ikevuje, Augusta Heavens, Jephta Mensah Kwakye, Darlington Eze Ekechukwu, Olorunshogo Benjamin, and Andrew Emuobosa Esiri, ‘Negative Crude Oil Prices : Supply Chain Disruptions and Strategic Lessons’, Multidisciplinary Studies, 8 (2024), 85–93
Katz, James E, ‘The Strategic Petroleum Reserve: Technology and Policy Implementation’, Energy, 6 (2021), 927–32 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(81)90064-5>
Lis, Andrzej, ‘Energy Security in National Security Strategies : A Multiple Case Study’, Barometer Regionalny, 19 (2023), 76–85 <https://doi.org/10.56583/br.2280>
Michael, Tomy, ‘STATE RELATIONSHIP WITH PRIVATE LEGAL ENTITIES ON OIL AND Sony RIZALDI Slamet SUHARTONO Syofyan HADI Keywords : 2 . Research Results and Discussion’, Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law, 9 (2023), 10–14
Mujiyanto, Sugeng, and Tiess Günter, ‘“Secure Energy Supply in 2025: Indonesia’s Need for an Energy Policy Strategy.”’, Energy Policy, 61 (2013) <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.05.119>
Naim, Mohammad, Mohammad Mafizur, and Tek Maraseni, ‘Powering Progress : The Interplay of Energy Security and Institutional Quality in Driving Economic Growth’, Applied Energy, 378 (2025), 124835 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124835>
Nurdin, Muhammad, Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Imran, and Muhammad Khalid, ‘Energy Conversion and Management : X A Strategic Analysis of Geothermal Energy for Sustainable Energy Transition : Case Study from Indonesia’, Energy Conversion and Management: X, 28 (2025), 101303 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101303>
Pradana, Galih, Mochamad Akbar, and Rizqy Maulana, ‘Efektivitas Penegakan Hukum Persaingan Dalam Kelangkaan Bbm : Peran Kppu Dan Regulasi Impor Satu Pintu’, EKSPOSE: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Dan Pendidikan, 24 (2025), 284–303
Qurrata Ayuni, Satrio Alif Febriyanto, Fitriana, ‘Strengthening the Renewable Energy Bill : Promoting Sustainability within Constitutional Rights Strengthening the Renewable Energy Bill : Promoting Sustainability within Constitutional Rights’, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER, 1 (2025) <https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1537/1/012039>
Setiawan, Agus, Dea Mardha Mentari, and Dzikri Firmansyah Hakam, ‘From Climate Risks to Resilient Energy Systems : Addressing the Implications of Climate Change on Indonesia ’ s Energy Policy’, Energies, 18 (2025), 1–15
Setyono, Agus Eko, Berkah Fajar, and Tamtomo Kiono, ‘Dari Energi Fosil Menuju Energi Terbarukan : Potret Kondisi Minyak Dan Gas Bumi Indonesia Tahun 2020 – 2050’, JEBT: Jurnal Energi Baru & Terbarukan, 2 (2025), 154–62 <https://doi.org/10.14710/jebt.2021.11157>
Uche, Onyinyechi Lilian, Ebele Ogwuda, and Kenechukwu C Asuku, ‘The Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy Appraisal of Legal and Institutional Mechanisms for Promoting Energy Security for Sustainable Development , Energy Equity and Economic Prosperity in Nigeria’, The Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy, 15 (2024), 483–520 <https://doi.org/10.4314/jsdlp.v15i3.18>
Warfare, Modern, and Defense Strategy, ‘The Urgence of Developing Strategic Petrolium Reserve (SPR) for Indonesia in Facing Military or Non-Millitarian Threats Setiawan’, Journal of Modern Warfare and Defense Strategy The, 8 (2022), 155–66
Yang, Yang, Zhen Liu, Hayot Berk, Sajid Iqbal, and South Asia, ‘Economic Impact of Crude Oil Supply Disruption on Social Welfare Losses and Strategic Petroleum Reserves’, Resources Policy, 77 (2022), 102689 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102689>
Zhang, Lei, ‘A Comparative Study of Strategic Petroleum Reserve Policies of Major Countries in the World’, Energy Policy, 195 (2024), 114362 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114362>
———, ‘A Comprehensive Analysis of Natural Gas Reserve Policies : Global Comparison , Quantitative Analysis , and Strategic Insights’, Energy, 320 (2025), 135253 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2025.135253>
Website
U.S. Department of Energy, “SPR FAQs,” Strategic Petroleum Reserve, accessed December 7, 2025, https://www.energy.gov/ceser/spr-faqs
U.S. Department of Energy, “Procedures for the Acquisition of Petroleum for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve,” Federal Register, vol. 87, no. 202, October 25, 2022, pp. 64369–64375.
U.S. Department of Energy, “Procedures for Acquisition of Petroleum for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve,” 10 C.F.R. Part 626 (as amended Oct. 25, 2022)
U.S. Department of Energy, “History of SPR Releases,” Strategic Petroleum Reserve, accessed December 7, 2025, https://www.energy.gov/ceser/history-spr-releases. The Department of Energy's Energy.gov
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Yuridis
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi oleh Penulis sebagai berikut:
- Penulis menyimpan hak cipta dan memberikan jurnal hak penerbitan pertama naskah secara simultan dengan lisensi di bawah Creative Commons Attribution License yang mengizinkan orang lain untuk berbagi pekerjaan dengan sebuah pernyataan kepenulisan pekerjaan dan penerbitan awal di jurnal ini.
- Penulis bisa memasukkan ke dalam penyusunan kontraktual tambahan terpisah untuk distribusi non ekslusif versi kaya terbitan jurnal (contoh: mempostingnya ke repositori institusional atau menerbitkannya dalam sebuah buku), dengan pengakuan penerbitan awalnya di jurnal ini.
- Penulis diizinkan dan didorong untuk mem-posting karya mereka online (contoh: di repositori institusional atau di website mereka) sebelum dan selama proses penyerahan, karena dapat mengarahkan ke pertukaran produktif, seperti halnya sitiran yang lebih awal dan lebih hebat dari karya yang diterbitkan. (Lihat Efek Akses Terbuka).
Jurnal Yuridis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
