The United States Of America Withdrawal From Paris Agreement 2015: Desecuritization Of Climate
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33822/mjihi.v5i1.4242Keywords:
Paris Agreement, Climate Change, De securitization, U.S Foreign PolicyAbstract
The climate change issue has become a great debate in U.S foreign policy. Starting from the year 1980, the United States considered climate change one of the nation's potential threats. It can be traced from the U.S's active participation in climate change international regimes. But in 2015, Donald Trump's administration decided to withdraw from Paris Agreement. This research describes the securitization effort of climate change in the Donald Trump Administration through the U.S withdrawal from the Paris Agreement. The analysis uses four political forms of de securitization of Lene Hansen; stabilization, replacement, re-articulation, and silencing. This research is qualitative with a descriptive analysis approach. This research found that the climate change de securitization in Donald Trump's administration uses the four political forms: stabilize climate change issues, replace climate change with the economic, immigrant, and terrorist Issues, and rearticulate the danger of other three subjects. However, it can be concluded that the silencing effort was not complete; it can be proved by establishing the U.S Coalition of societies (We are still in) which supports the Paris Agreement 2015, and some protests of the American public against Donald Trump's decisionReferences
Barnett, A. (2004). Bush attacks environment' scare stories. The Guardian For 200 Years.
BBC. (2018). Trump on climate change report: "I don't believe it." BBC News.
Berenson, D. (2016, September 15). Read Donald Trump's Speech on Jobs and the Economy. TIME. https://time.com/4495507/donald-trump-economy-speech-transcript/
Borger, J. (2017). Trump drops climate change from U.S. national security strategy. The Guardian For 200 Years.
Climateanalytics. (2017). FACT CHECK: President Trump's speech on intention to withdraw from the Paris Agreement, June 1 2017 .
Cummins, C. (2017). U.S. protests Trump's climate change withdrawal. Euronews. https://www.euronews.com/2017/06/02/us-protests-trumps-climate-change-withdrawal
Dai, H.-C., Zhang, H.-B., & Wang, W.-T. (2017). The impacts of U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement on the carbon emission space and mitigation cost of China, E.U., and Japan under the constraints of the global carbon emission space. Advances in Climate Change Research, 8(4), 226–234. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2017.09.003
Diaz-Rainey, I., Gehricke, S. A., Roberts, H., & Zhang, R. (2021). Trump vs. Paris: The impact of climate policy on U.S. listed oil and gas firm returns and volatility. International Review of Financial Analysis, 76, 101746. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101746
Edwards, J. A. (2018). Make America Great Again: Donald Trump and Redefining the U.S. Role in the World. Communication Quarterly, 66(2), 176–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2018.1438485
Falkner, R. (2013). Handbooks of Global Policy Series. In D. Held (Ed.), The Handbook of Global Climate and Environment Policy. A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.,.
Fullerton, M. (2017). Trump, Turmoil, and Terrorism: The U.S. Immigration and Refugee Ban. International Journal of Refugee Law, 29(2), 327–338. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/eex021
Garden, R. (2017, June 1). Statement by President Trump on the Paris Climate Accord. Https://Trumpwhitehouse.Archives.Gov/.
Hall, J. (2021). In search of enemies: Donald Trump's populist foreign policy rhetoric. Politics, 41(1), 48–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263395720935377
Haner, M., Sloan, M. M., Cullen, F. T., Kulig, T. C., & Lero Jonson, C. (2019). Public Concern about Terrorism: Fear, Worry, and Support for Anti-Muslim Policies. Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, 5, 237802311985682. https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023119856825
HANSEN, L. (2012). Reconstructing desecuritisation: the normative-political in the Copenhagen School and directions for how to apply it. Review of International Studies, 38(3), 525–546. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/S0260210511000581
Harris, P. G. (2018). The United States and International Environmental Politics. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.348
Lange, N. (2019). Speaking and Perceiving Security A Case Study of the Trump Administration's Securitization of Illegal Immigration Fueling Populism in the U.S.
Leiserowitz, A. A. (2005). American risk perceptions: is climate change dangerous? Risk Anal, 25(6), 1433–1442. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00690.x
Lucke, F. von. (2015). The Securitisation of Climate Change in the United States: The Integration of Climate Threats Into the Security Sector (No. 10; ClimaSec).
McGrath, M. (2020). Climate change: U.S. formally withdraws from Paris agreement. BBC News.
Muslim Public Affairs Council. (2019). MUSLIM PUBLIC AFFAIRS COUNCIL STATEMENT FOR THE RECORD Joint Hearing on "Oversight of the Trump Administration's Muslim Ban." https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/2029/text.
Nong, D., & Siriwardana, M. (2018). Effects on the U.S. economy of its proposed withdrawal from the Paris Agreement: A quantitative assessment. Energy, 159, 621–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.06.178
Nurhasanah, S., & Fuad, M. (2020, December 14). Analyzing President Donald Trump's Measures in Securing The US-Mexico Border Security from Realist Perspective. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.6-11-2019.2297259
Orr, A. (2021). Presidential Views of Climate Change as a National Security Concern. American Security Project. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep30913
Peters, G., & Woolley, J. T. (2016). 2016 Republican Party Platform. Republican Party Platforms. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/2016-republican-party-platform
Steny Hoyer Majority Leader. (2017). Americans to Trump: Pulling Out of Paris Agreement Is Bad for Business. U.S. House of Representatives. https://www.majorityleader.gov/content/americans-trump-pulling-out-paris-agreement-bad-business
National Security Strategy of the United States of America, The White House Washington DC (2017).
Time Staff. (2015, May 16). Here's Donald Trump's Presidential Announcement Speech. TIME.
Torres Camprubí, A. (2016). Securitization of Climate Change: The Inter-Regional Institutional Voyage. Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 27, 82–105. https://doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvy079
Trump, Donald. J. (2016). Great Again How to Fix Our Crippled America (1st ed.). Treshold Editions.
DOS cable revoking visas for 7 target states (1-27-17), 1 (2017) (testimony of United States Department of State).
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (2013). 2012 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics.
We Are Still In. (n.d.). We Are Still In. We Are Still In. Retrieved April 8, 2022, from https://www.wearestillin.com/about
Wolf, R. (2017). "Make America Great Again" Donald Trump's Mission to Restore Respect for America.
Zhang, Y.-X., Chao, Q.-C., Zheng, Q.-H., & Huang, L. (2017). The withdrawal of the U.S. from the Paris Agreement and its impact on global climate change governance. Advances in Climate Change Research, 8(4), 213–219. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2017.08.005
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
