Reconceptualizing Justice: Utilizing The Fair Trial Principle As A Standard For A States' Criminal Justice Systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35586/icjls.v1i2.12026Kata Kunci:
Fair Trial Principle, Criminal Justice System, International Human Rights InstrumentsAbstrak
This publication emphasizes the critical importance of the right to a fair trial within the criminal justice system, highlighting its role in protecting human rights and ensuring justice. Referencing international treaties like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the article illustrates that fair trials are a fundamental entitlement, requiring independent and impartial hearings. The principle serves as a safeguard against state abuses, such as arbitrary detention and torture, and encompasses essential guarantees like the presumption of innocence, the right to legal defense, and public hearings. These components are vital for preventing miscarriages of justice and maintaining transparency and accountability in the judicial process. Engaging with theories of justice, the article discusses John Rawls’ concept of fairness, which advocates for equitable treatment in the legal system. Amartya Sen emphasizes addressing real injustices, while Ronald Dworkin argues that individual rights, including the right to a fair trial, should not be compromised for the majority. Thus, the fair trial principle is foundational to the legitimacy of any criminal justice system.
Referensi
Annenberg Classroom. “Chapter 12: The Right to a Fair Trial.” Annenberg Classroom. Accessed July 20, 2025. https://www.annenbergclassroom.org/resource/our-rights/rights-chapter-12-right-fair-trial/#:~:text=The image is an old,one that speaks the truth.
Bowen, Phil, and Emily Gold LaGratta. To Be Fair: Procedural Fairness in Courts. Criminal Justice Alliance. London: Criminal Justice Alliance, 2014. http://www.justiceinnovation.org/better-courts/publications/be-fair-procedural-fairness-courts.
Center for Civil and Political Rights. “ICCPR Article 14 Factsheets: Right to Equality Before Courts and Tribunals and to a Fair Trial.” CCPR Centre, March 28, 2024. https://ccprcentre.org/ccprpages/iccpr-article-14-factsheets-right-to-equality-before-courts-and-tribunals-and-to-a-fair-trial.
Centre for Civil and Political Rights. Right to Equality before Courts and Tribunals and to a Fair Trial: Factsheets for Legal Practitioners and Civil Society Actors. Geneva: Centre for Civil and Political Rigths, 2024.
Council of Europe. “The European Convention on Human Rights.” Accessed July 19, 2025. Europe,.
Dworkin, Ronald. Law’s Empire. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1986.
Fair Trials International. “The Right To A Fair Trial,” 2019. https://www.fairtrials.org/the-right-to-a-fair-trial/#:~:text=If you are accused of,by governments and state authorities.
Iftitahsari. Mendorong Pengaturan Hak-Hak Fair Trial Khusus Bagi Orang Yang Berhadapan Dengan Pidana Mati Dalam RKUHAP. Jakarta: Institute for Criminal Justice Reform, 2022.
Komisi untuk Orang Hilang dan Tindak Kekerasan. “Update Situasi Penyiksaan 2024: Normalisasi Dan Berulangnya Kultur Kekerasan Dalam Penegakan Hukum.” KontraS, 2024. https://kontras.org/artikel/update-situasi-penyiksaan-2024-normalisasi-dan-berulangnya-kultur-kekerasan-dalam-penegakan-hukum.
Nurviana, Vivin. “The Principle of Presumption of Innocence in Criminal Law Policy in Indonesia.” Proceedings of the International Seminar on Sharia and Law 1 (2023): 115–22.
Office of The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Frequently Asked Questions on A Human Rights-Based Approach to Development Cooperation. New York & Geneva: United Nation, 2006.
Open Democracy. “Amartya Sen and the Idea of Justice.” Open Democracy, 2010. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/amartya-sen-and-idea-of-justice/#:~:text=by John Rawls and Robert,in the here and now.
Podomi, Prayogi Aryovandri, Roy Marthen Moonti, and Ibrahim Ahmad. “Peran Putusan Sela Dan Putusan Akhir Dalam Mewujudkan Keadilan Prosedural Di Pengadilan. Naskah Jurnal Hukum Tata Peradilan Indonesia.” Mahkamah: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum 2, no. 3 (2025): 124–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62383/mahkamah.v2i3.694.
Prasastiningsih, Suci, Elisa Kurniasari, Hakim Harismawan Mubarak, and Emmy Latifah. “Kewenangan Negara Untuk Memberikan Sanksi Guna Menumbuhkan Ketaatan Hukum.” Lex LATA 2, no. 1 (2022): 392–408. https://doi.org/10.28946/lexl.v2i1.626.
Prawira, M. Rizki Yudha. “Regulation Act of Torture in Criminal Code: Opportunity and Challenge to Improve Human Rights Situation in Indonesia.” Justisi 11, no. 1 (2025): 17–35. https://doi.org/10.33506/js.v11i1.3653.
Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice: Revised Edition. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1999.
Soesilo, R. Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP), Serta Komentar Komentarnya Lengkap Pasal Demi Pasal. Bogor: Politeia, 1996.
Treaties UN. American Convention on Human Rights: “Pact of San José, Costa Rica”. Signed at San José, Costa Rica, on 22 November 1969 (1969). https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/unts/volume 1144/volume-1144-i-17955-english.pdf#:~:text=2,speak the language of the.
United Nations, and Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force. Basic Human Rights Reference Guide: Right to a Fair Trial and Due Process in the Context of Countering Terrorism. CTITF. New York, 2014. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/newyork/Documents/FairTrial.pdf.
Wiryono, Singgih, and Icha Rastika. “Kontras: Polisi 15 Kali Salah Tangkap Dalam Setahun Terakhir, Korbannya 23 Orang.” Kompas.com, 2024. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2024/07/01/19001741/kontras-polisi-15-kali-salah-tangkap-dalam-setahun-terakhir-korbannya-23.
Zhang, Jixi. “Fair Trial Rights in ICCPR.” Journal of Politics and Law 2, no. 4 (2009): 39–43. https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v2n4p39.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Journal of Ius Comparatum Law Studies
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
