Enhancing Digital Security via E-Law Optimization and Deepfake Regulation: A Comparative Study of China
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35586/jicls.v1i1.10824Keywords:
Deepfake, Artificial Intelligence, Regulation, ITE Law, Digital SecurityAbstract
The development of artificial intelligence (AI), especially deepfake technology, presents new challenges in the realm of law and digital security. Although initially developed for the purposes of the creative industry, this technology is often misused to spread false information, defamation, and even extortion. Indonesia does not yet have regulations that specifically regulate deepfake, so law enforcement against its misuse still relies on the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE), which does not explicitly cover this technology. This study discusses the urgency of deepfake regulation in Indonesia by analyzing the "Deep Synthesis Provisions" policy implemented in China. The results of the analysis show that an adaptive regulatory approach, co-regulation, development of detection technology, increasing digital literacy, and a multistakeholder framework can be solutions in formulating deepfake regulations in Indonesia. Therefore, a revision of the ITE Law is needed to include specific regulations regarding deepfake, as well as collaboration between the government, technology industry, and society to ensure the responsible and ethical use of AI.
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Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia. (2023). Laporan Survei Internet APJII 2022-2023. APJII.
Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara. (2023). Rencana Strategis Pengembangan Teknologi Deteksi Konten Manipulatif 2023-2027. Jakarta: BSSN.
Briefing, C. (2022, December 20). China to Regulate Deep Synthesis (Deepfake) Technology from 2023. China Briefing News. https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-to-regulate-deep-synthesis-deep-fake-technology-starting-january-2023/.
China Academy of Information and Communications Technology. (2023). Technical Challenges in Deepfake Detection: Evolution and Countermeasures. Beijing: CAICT.
China AI Industry Alliance. (2023). Compliance Cost Assessment for Deepfake Regulations Among Chinese Technology Firms. Beijing: CAIIA.
China Internet Network Information Center. (2023). Evaluation Report on AI Content Management Technologies by Major Digital Platforms in China. Beijing: CNNIC.
Cyberspace Administration of China. (2023). Annual Report on the Implementation of the Regulations on the Administration of Network Audio and Video Information Services. Beijing: CAC.
Cyberspace Administration of China. (2023). Challenge Report: Cross-Border Implementation of Deepfake Regulations. Beijing: CAC.
Cyberspace Administration of China. (2022). Regulations on the Administration of Network Audio and Video Information Services. People's Republic of China.
Forum Tata Kelola Internet Indonesia. (2023). Rekomendasi untuk Pengembangan Regulasi Konten Digital yang Inklusif dan Efektif. Jakarta: ID-IGF
Freedom House. (2023). Freedom on the Net 2023: The Global Drive to Control Big Tech. Washington, DC: Freedom House.
Geng, Y. (2023). Comparing" Deepfake" Regulatory Regimes in the United States, the European Union, and China. Geo. L. Tech. Rev., 7, 157.
Groh, Matthew, Harris, Zeke, Hsu, Joshua, & Gerstner, Eric. (2023). "Human Detection of Machine-Generated Content: An Experimental Analysis." MIT Media Lab Technical Report, 103, 45-62.
Haida, R. S. N., & Nuriyatman, E. (2024). URGENSI PENGATURAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KORBAN DEEPFAKE MELALUI ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA INDONESIA. Jurnal Hukum Respublica, 24(01).
Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika. (2023). Evaluasi Program Literasi Digital Nasional dan Rekomendasi Pengembangan. Jakarta: Kominfo.
Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia. (2023). Laporan Tahunan Penanganan Konten Negatif di Ruang Digital Indonesia 2021-2023. Jakarta: Kominfo.
Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika. (2023). Roadmap Tata Kelola Konten Digital di Indonesia 2024-2029. Jakarta: Kominfo.
Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. (2023). Survei Nasional: Pengetahuan dan Persepsi Masyarakat Indonesia terhadap Teknologi Deepfake. Jakarta: LIPI.
Ministry of Public Security of China. (2023). Report on Deepfake-Related Criminal Cases in China (2022-2023). Beijing: MPS.
Novyanti, H., & Astuti, P. (2021). Jerat Hukum Penyalahgunaan Aplikasi Deepfake Ditinjau Dari Hukum Pidana. Novum: Jurnal Hukum, 31-40.
Nugroho, A. (2023). "Tantangan Regulasi Teknologi Deepfake dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia." Jurnal Hukum & Teknologi, 12(1), 78-95
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2022). Framework for Regulatory Sandbox Application in Digital Technology Regulation. Jakarta: OJK.
Putri, S. M. I., Salsabila, N., & Hosnah, A. U. (2024). Kriminalisasi Penggunaan Deepfake dalam Tindak Pidana Penipuan dan Pencemaran Nama Baik: Tantangan dan Solusi Hukum. Jurnal Hukum Legalita, 6(2), 83-90.
Rafi Satrya Arvitto (2024), Implikasi Hukum Deepfake: Telaah terhadap UU ITE dan UU PDP: Jurnal Ilmmu Hukum, 4(2)
Respati, A. A. (2024). Reformulasi UU ITE terhadap Artificial Intelligence Dibandingkan Dengan uni eropa dan china AI act regulation. JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW, 7(3), 1737. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v7i3.10578
Rohmawati, I., Junaidi, A., & Khaerudin, A. (2024). Urgensi Regulasi Penyalahgunaan Deepfake Sebagai Perlindungan Hukum Korban Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online (KBGO). Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(6), 1779-1794.
Salmaa. (2023, June 5). Studi Literatur: Pengertian, Ciri, Teknik Pengumpulan Datanya. Penerbit Deepublish. https://penerbitdeepublish.com/studi-literatur/#1_M_Nazir
Sulianta, F. (2025). Masyarakat Digital: Tren, Tantangan, dan Perubahan di Era Teknologi. Feri Sulianta.
Syariffudin, S., & Bari, F. (2025). Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Korban Penyalahgunaan Teknik Deepfake. Perspektif Administrasi Publik dan hukum, 2(1), 247-255.
Vogels, E. A., & Anderson, M. (2023). Americans' Attitudes Toward AI and Deepfakes. Pew Research Center
Wang, Huiyao, & Miao, Lu. (2022). "China's Approach to Regulating Deepfakes: Balancing Innovation and Security." International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 30(3), 215-234.
World Economic Forum. (2023). The Global Risks of Deepfakes: Classification and Mitigation Strategies. Geneva: WEF Digital Trust Initiative.
Yudha, M. (2024). Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Data Pribadi Korban Pornografi dengan Penggunaan Deepfake.
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