Model Pengelolaan Sampah Perdesaan Bertahap: Integrasi Insinerator Transisional, Konsep Saemaul Undong, dan Sister Village di Desa Cintaratu Kabupaten Pangandaran
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33822/jwm.v3i1.13900Kata Kunci:
PengelPengelolaan sampah perdesaan, insinerator transisional, Saemaul Undong, Sister Village, perubahan perilaku kolektifAbstrak
Praktik pembakaran terbuka masih mendominasi pengelolaan sampah di wilayah perdesaan Indonesia (80% rumah tangga), menimbulkan dampak kesehatan dan lingkungan yang signifikan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan model konseptual pengelolaan sampah perdesaan bertahap yang mengintegrasikan dimensi teknologi, sosial, dan institusional melalui tiga fase implementasi selama 24-36 bulan. Transitional phase (6-12 bulan) mengimplementasikan insinerator komunal sebagai teknologi transisional yang mengurangi emisi dioksin hingga 95% sambil mempertahankan kompatibilitas kultural. Behavioral transformation phase (12-24 bulan) mengadaptasi kerangka Saemaul Undong untuk mobilisasi partisipasi melalui tiga pilar diligence, self-help, dan cooperation. Sustainable management phase (24-36 bulan) mentransisikan sistem menuju pengelolaan berbasis pemilahan dan daur ulang dengan integrasi BUMDes untuk keberlanjutan finansial dan mekanisme sister village untuk pembelajaran horizontal. Implementasi di 10.000 desa berpotensi mengurangi emisi GRK setara 2-3 juta ton CO2e per tahun dan menciptakan 80.000-120.000 green jobs. Model memerlukan dukungan kebijakan multi-level meliputi alokasi Dana Desa, pendampingan teknis berkelanjutan, fasilitasi jaringan sister village, dan insentif bagi desa yang mencapai target waste reduction. Penelitian ini mendemonstrasikan pentingnya pendekatan bertahap dan kontekstual dalam transformasi sistem pengelolaan sampah perdesaan yang mengakomodasi perilaku eksisting sambil membangun kapasitas untuk sistem berkelanjutan jangka panjang
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