From Merger to Market Value: Short, Medium, and Long-Term Evidence from Bank Syariah Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47700/jiefes.v6i2.12711Keywords:
Merger, Islamic Banking, Value Creation, CAR, BHAR, GCGAbstract
The ability of bank mergers to generate sustained market value remains uncertain in emerging Islamic banking systems due to integration complexity, governance constraints, and heterogeneous investor expectations. To address this problem, this study examines whether the consolidation of three state-owned Islamic banks into Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) in 2021 succeeded in creating value across different time horizons. Using an event study approach with the CAR method, short-term market reactions to the merger announcement are evaluated, while the BHAR framework is used to assess medium- and long-term performance. The findings show that firm size has a significant positive effect on short-term market reactions, suggesting that larger Islamic banks are perceived as more capable of managing integration risk and realizing early synergy gains. In contrast, medium- and long-term value creation is driven primarily by the interaction between GCG and operational efficiency. These results imply that while short-term value creation is heavily influenced by investor perceptions and institutional scale, sustained performance depends on governance quality and the effectiveness of post-merger integration efforts. This study provides new empirical evidence on the temporal dynamics of value creation following the largest Islamic bank merger in Indonesia. Scientifically, the study advances the literature by demonstrating how synergy realization, governance mechanisms, and efficiency improvements jointly shape performance across multiple horizons. Practically, the findings offer guidance for regulators and practitioners by underscoring the importance of strong governance and disciplined integration strategies to maintain investor confidence and long-term stability in Islamic banking mergers.
Kemampuan merger perbankan dalam menciptakan nilai pasar yang berkelanjutan masih menjadi ketidakpastian dalam sistem perbankan syariah di negara berkembang, terutama karena kompleksitas integrasi, keterbatasan tata kelola, serta perbedaan ekspektasi investor. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini menguji apakah konsolidasi tiga bank syariah milik negara menjadi Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) pada tahun 2021 berhasil menciptakan nilai pada berbagai rentang waktu. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan event study melalui metode Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR), penelitian ini mengevaluasi reaksi pasar jangka pendek terhadap pengumuman merger, sedangkan kerangka Buy-and-Hold Abnormal Return (BHAR) digunakan untuk menilai kinerja jangka menengah dan jangka panjang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran bank berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap reaksi pasar jangka pendek, mengindikasikan bahwa bank syariah berukuran besar dipandang lebih mampu mengelola risiko integrasi dan mewujudkan sinergi awal. Sebaliknya, penciptaan nilai pada jangka menengah dan panjang terutama didorong oleh interaksi antara Good Corporate Governance (GCG) dan efisiensi operasional. Temuan ini mengimplikasikan bahwa meskipun nilai jangka pendek lebih dipengaruhi oleh persepsi investor dan skala institusi, kinerja berkelanjutan sangat bergantung pada kualitas tata kelola serta efektivitas proses integrasi pascamerger. Penelitian ini memberikan bukti empiris baru mengenai dinamika temporal penciptaan nilai setelah merger bank syariah terbesar di Indonesia. Secara ilmiah, studi ini memperkaya literatur dengan menunjukkan bagaimana realisasi sinergi, mekanisme tata kelola, dan peningkatan efisiensi membentuk kinerja pada berbagai horizon waktu. Secara praktis, temuan ini memberikan panduan bagi regulator dan praktisi mengenai pentingnya tata kelola yang kuat serta strategi integrasi yang disiplin guna menjaga kepercayaan investor dan stabilitas jangka panjang dalam merger perbankan syariah.
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