Smart Monitoring of Single-Phase Electricity Based on Internet of Things (IoT)

Abstract

Voltage instability and unmonitored power consumption in single-phase electrical installations are the main causes of electronic equipment damage and energy inefficiency in households. Conventional monitoring methods are often limited and do not provide real-time information for preventive actions. Therefore, this study designs a "Smart Monitoring of Single-Phase Electricity Based on Internet of Things (IoT)" system to measure electrical parameters and provide early warnings. This system utilizes the ESP32 microcontroller as the main control center due to its advantages in Wi-Fi connectivity. The PZEM-004T sensor is used to measure voltage, current, power, and energy precisely. Measurement data is displayed on a 1.3-inch OLED screen and transmitted wirelessly to a mobile application for remote monitoring. As a substitute for automatic circuit breaker protection, this system focuses on early detection; the system will send instant notifications to the user if anomalies are detected, such as current surges or unstable voltage. This design aims to improve energy efficiency and electrical safety awareness by allowing users to monitor power usage and respond to potential issues quickly.