Keywords
Diffusion
Dilution
Escherichia coli
Shigella sonnei
How to Cite
Abstract
An antibiotic sensitivity test is a method to test the response of bacteria to antibiotics. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of an antibiotic against microbial activity. The sensitivity test was conducted with two methods, namely, the diffusion method and the dilution method. The diffusion method was performed using paper discs (Kirby-Bauer) against Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei bacteria with amoxicillin, neomycin, and sulfonamide antibiotics. The data required is the diameter of the inhibition zone. Results showed that Escherichia coli was sensitive to amoxicillin but resistant to sulfonamide and neomycin. Meanwhile, Shigella sonnei was resistant to amoxicillin, neomycin, and sulfanilamide. Furthermore, the dilution method was performed to test the potency of amoxicillin against Escherichia coli bacteria using the liquid dilution method. The data required were test tubes with liquid media that showed no turbidity. The results showed that the minimal inhibitory concentration of amoxicillin against Escherichia coli was 0.25%. Based on the results of the antibiotic sensitivity test using the diffusion and the dilution methods, it can be concluded that amoxicillin has high effectiveness against Escherichia coli bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.25%, while Shigella sonnei is resistant to the antibiotics tested.
References
Anggita, Dwi., Nuraisyah, Siti., Wiriansya, Pandu Edward. 2022. Mechanism of Action of Antibiotics. UMI Medical Journal. Makassar: South Sulawesi. 7(1): 46-52
Balouiri, M., Sadiki, M., & Ibnsouda, S. K. 2016. Methods for In Vitro Evaluating Antimicrobial activity: A review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 6(2):71-79
Cappucino, J. G., dan N. Sherman. 2001. Microbiology : A Laboratory Manual, 6th Edition. Pearson Education Inc. San Fransisco, USA.
CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute). 2020. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing 30th Ed. [Internet]. Accessed 2020 May 04. Available on www.em100.edaptivedocs.net
Dari, A.W., Narsa, A.C. and Zamruddin, N.M., 2020, December. Literature Review: Aktivitas Kulit Jeruk dalam Bidang Farmasi. In Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences (Vol. 12, pp. 125-151).
Gallagher CJ, MacCougall C. Antibiotics simplified fourth edition University of Callifornia. USA: Jones Bartlett Learning. 2018;106–8.
Ghozali, I. 2016. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariete Dengan Program IBM SPSS 23. Edisi 8. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hermawan, A. 2007. Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper betle L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli dengan Metode Difusi Disk. Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan. Universitas Airlangga Surabaya.
Jawetz, E., Melnick, J. L., & Adelberg, E. A. 2008. Medical microbiology. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.
Kurniawan, D., 2019. Antibacterial Effect of Combination of Methanolic Extract or Decocta of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata L) with Amoxicillin on Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli Bacteria in Vitro. Journal of Bio Complementary Medicine, 6(3).
Martin, N., Alfred., Bustamante., Pilar, A.H.C. Chun. 1993. Physical Pharmacy: Physical Chemical Principles in The Pharmaceutical Sciences (4th.ed). New York: Lea & Febiger Publishing.
Mounyr B., Moulay S., Saad K.I. 2015. Methods for In Vitro Evaluating Antimicrobial Activity. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis : National Institute of Health
Mulyadi, M., Wuryati dan P.Ria.S. 2013. Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) Kadar Sampel Alang-Alang (Imperata cylindrical) Dalam Etanol Melalui Metode Dilusi. Jurnal. Universitas Diponegoro. Vol.1, No. 1. Hal 35-42.
Pratiwi, Silvya T, 2008. Mikrobiologi Farmasi. Penerbit Erlangga. Jakarta.
Rizka U.P., Pandapotan N. 2022. Uji Antibakteri Terhadap Staphylococcus Aureus Pada Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) Dalam Sediaan Sabun Cuci Tangan Cair. Journal of Health and Medical Science, 1(1), https://pusdikra-publishing.com/index.php/jkes/home
Sanseverino, Isabella, dkk. 2018. State of the Art on the Contribution of Water to Antimicrobial Resistance . Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. ISBN 978-92-79-98478-5. doi:10.2760/771124
Sulaeman, L. P., 2015. Deteksi Bakteri dan Shigella sp dalam Telur Balado serta Resistensinya terhadap Beberapa Antibiotik. Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah : Jakarta.
Trisia, A., Philyria, R. and Toemon, A.N., 2018. Antibacterial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Kalanduyung Leaves (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.) on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus using the Disc Diffusion Method (Kirby-Bauer): Antibacterial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract from Kalanduyung Leaf (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.) on Staphylococcus aureus Growth with Difusion Method (Kirby-Bauer). Anterior Journal, 17(2), pp.136-143.
All articles submitted by the author and published in the Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, are fully copyrighted by the publication of JJournal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License by technically filling out the copyright transfer agreement and sending it to the publisher
Note :
The author can include in separate contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of rich versions of journal publications (for example: posting them to an institutional repository or publishing them in a book), with the acknowledgment of their initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example: in an institutional repository or on their website) before and during the submission process because it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and more powerful citations of published works. (See Open Access Effects).