Keywords
Bacillus cereus
Extract melinjo peel
Shigella dysenteriae
How to Cite
Abstract
Melinjo peel (Gnetum gnemon L.) contains secondary metabolites with antibacterial characteristics such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of 96% ethanol and n-hexane extract of melinjo peel resulting from the multilevel maceration against Shigella dysenteriae and Bacillus cereus bacteria. This research is an experimental study to test the antibacterial activity of melinjo peel extract as measured by the Diameter of Inhibition Zone (DIZ) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) at concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, and 50%. The results found that the extract resulted from maceration with 96% ethanol solvent as much as 70.95 g with a yield of 14.19% and n-hexane solvent as much as 7.07 g with a yield of 1.41%. The 96% ethanol extract of melinjo peel gave the highest DIZ at a concentration of 50% against Bacillus cereus compared to Shigella dysenteriae. In contrast, the DIZ of n-hexane extract of melinjo peel had no inhibitory power against both of bacteria in all concentrations. MIC of 96% ethanol extract of melinjo peel extract against Shigella dysenteriae and Bacillus cereus at concentrations of 50% and 25%, respectively, whereas n-hexane extract melinjo peel had no MIC value against both bacteria.
References
Ashour, A. S., Aziz, M. M. A., & Gomha Melad, A. S. (2019). A review on saponins from medicinal plants: chemistry, isolation, and determination. Journal of Nanomedicine Research, 7(4), 282–288. https://doi.org/10.15406/jnmr.2019.07.00199.
BPOM. (2014). Peraturan Kepala BPOM Tentang Persyaratan Mutu Obat Tradisional. Jakarta: BPOM RI.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Depkes RI). (2000). Parameter Standard. Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat. Direktorat Jendral Pengawasan Obat dan. Makanan.
Hati, A. K., Multazamudin, M., & Iqbal, M. (2018). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Kandungan Senyawa Aktif Ekstrak N-Heksan, Etil Asetat dan Etanol 70% Biji Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon. L) Terhadap Bakteri Salmonella thypi dan Streptococcus mutans. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Products, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.35473/ijpnp.v1i1.28.
Brooks, George F, Jawetz, Ernest, Melnick, Joseph L, Adelberg, Edward A, Carroll, Karen C, Butel, Janet S, Morse, Stephen A, Mietzner, Timothy A. (2013). Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg's medical microbiology (26th). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Jessberger, N., Dietrich, R., Granum, P. E., & Märtlbauer, E. (2020). The Bacillus cereus Food Infection a Multifactorial Process. Toxins (Vol. 12, Issue 11). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12110701
Julianto, T. S. (2019.) Fitokimia Tinjauan Metabolit Sekunder dan Skrining Fitokimia, Universitas Islam Indonesia Yogyakarta.
Kardela, W., Fauziah, F., & Mayesri, S. (2018). Biji Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) Aktivitas Sebagai Antidiare. Jurnal Farmasi Higea (Vol. 10, Issue 1).
Marjoni, M. (2019). Modul Praktikum Fitokimia, PT. Lontar Digital Asia
Messelhäußer, U., Ehling-Schulz, M. Bacillus cereus a Multifaceted Opportunistic Pathogen. Curr Clin Micro Rpt 5, 120–125 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40588-018-0095-9
Natalia Taroreh, T. C., F.Rumampuk, J., & Veronica Siagian, K. (2016). Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus mutans. In PHARMACON Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi UNSRAT (Vol. 5, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.35799/pha.5.2016.12954
Prabhurajeshwar, C., & Chandrakanth, R.K. (2018). Shigellosis: A Conformity Review of the Microbiology, Pathogenesis, and Epidemiology with Consequence for Prevention and Management Issues. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 12, 405-417.
Rahmawati, N., Sudjarwo, E., & Widodo, E. (2014). Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak herbal terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli. JIIP. 24 (3): 24 – 31
Rijayanti, R. K., (2014). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mangga Bacang (Mangifera Foetida L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus Secara In Vitro, Naskah Publikasi, Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tanjungpura.
Septiani, Eko Nurcahya Dewi, Ima Wijayanti. 2017. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Lamun (Cymodoea rotundata) terhadap Bakteri Stapylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Jurnal Saintek Perikanan 13(1): 1-6
Thressia, M. (2019). Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Melinjo Sebagai Sumber Antibiotik Terhadap Bakteri (Escherichia coli).
World Health Organization. (2013). Diarrheal Disease. (Diakses 23 November 2017) Avaibel from : Http://www.who.int/mediacente r/factsheets
Xie, Y., Yang, W., Tang, F., Chen, X., & Ren, L. (2014). Antibacterial Activities of Flavonoids: Structure-Activity Relationship and Mechanism. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 22(1), 132–149. https://doi.org/10.2174/09298673216661409161134
All articles submitted by the author and published in the Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, are fully copyrighted by the publication of JJournal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License by technically filling out the copyright transfer agreement and sending it to the publisher
Note :
The author can include in separate contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of rich versions of journal publications (for example: posting them to an institutional repository or publishing them in a book), with the acknowledgment of their initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example: in an institutional repository or on their website) before and during the submission process because it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and more powerful citations of published works. (See Open Access Effects).