Keywords
artocarpin
Artocarpus heterophyllus
cyanomaclurin
synergy
How to Cite
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus epidermidis are major problem of human health and may generate antibacterial resistance problem. Flavonoid has been used for the treatment of several ailments including bacterial infection. Artocarpus heterophyllus is a potential source of flavonoid compounds such as artocarpin and cyanomaclurin. The study was conducted to observe synergistic effects between flavonoid compounds against S. pyogenes and S. epidermidis. The antibacterial activity of combination of artocarpin and cyanomaclurin isolated from A. heterophyllus heartwoods were evaluated against S. pyogenes and S. epidermidis using broth microdilution methods. Interaction between two compounds in combination was determined using checkerboard assay. Artocarpin showed strong antibacterial activity with MIC value of 1.9 µg/mL. Cyanomaclurin only exhibited moderate activity with MIC value of 15.6 µg/mL. The mixture of compounds in several ratios tended to increase antibacterial activities of cyanomaclurin. There is no antagonistic effect when compounds used together. It can be concluded that flavonoid compounds in combination may enhance antibacterial activity to prevent development of antibacterial resistance.
References
Cushnie TTP, Lamb AJ. Recent advances in understanding the antibacterial properties of flavonoids. Int J Antimicrob Ag 2011;38:99-107.
Hamoud R, Zimmermann S, Reichling J, Wink M. Synergistic interaction in two-drug and three-drug combinations (thymol, EDTA and vancomycin) against multi drug resistant bacteria including E. coli. Phytomedicine 2014;21:443-7.
Milne KE, Gould IM. Combination antimicrobial susceptibility testing of multidrug-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from cystic fibrosis patients. Antimicrob Ag Chemother 2012;56:4071-77.
NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard), 2008. Performance standard for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Ninth informational supplement, Pennsylvania, USA.
Panichayupakaranant P, Septama AW, Sinviratpong A. Synergistic activity of lawsone methyl ether in combination with some antibiotics and artocarpin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Trychophyton rubrum. Chinese Herbal Medicine 2019;11(3):321-325.
Qin R, Xiao K, Li B, Jiang W, Peng W, Zheng J, et al. The combination of catechin and epicatechin gallate from fructus crataegi potentiates β-lactam against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro and in vivo. Int J Mol Med 2013;14: 1801-1821.
Sandel MK, McKillip JL. Virulence and recovery of Staphylococcus aureus relevant to the food industry using improvements on traditional approaches. Food Control 2004;15: 5-10.
Septama AW, Jantan I, Panichayupakaranant P. Flavonoids of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. heartwood inhibit the innate immune responses of human phagocytes. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018;70:1242-52.
Septama AW, Panichayupakaranant P. Antibacterial assay-guided isolation of antibacterial compounds from Artocarpus heterophyllus heartwoods. Pharm Biol 2015;53: 1608-13.
Septama AW, Panichayupakaranant P. Artocarpin isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus heartwoods alters membrane permeability of Streptococcus mutans. J App Pharm Sci 2017;8(6):59-64.
Septama AW, Panichayupakaranant P. Synergistic effect of artocarpin on antibacterial activity of some antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Pharm Biol 2016;54:686-91.
Septama AW, Rahmi EP, Antika LD, Dewi RT, Jaisi A. A synergy interaction of artocarpin and tetracycline against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its mechanism of action on membrane permeability. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 2022;77(1-2):57-63.
Septama AW, Xiao J, Panichayupakaranant P. A synergistic effect of artocarpanone from Artocarpus heterophyllus L. (Moraceae) on the antibacterial activity of selected antibiotics and cell membrane permeability. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2017;6:186-91.
Yang Y, Zhang Z, Li S, Ye X, Li X et al. Synergy effects of herb extracts: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics basis. Fitoterapia 2014;92:133-47.
All articles submitted by the author and published in the Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, are fully copyrighted by the publication of JJournal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License by technically filling out the copyright transfer agreement and sending it to the publisher
Note :
The author can include in separate contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of rich versions of journal publications (for example: posting them to an institutional repository or publishing them in a book), with the acknowledgment of their initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example: in an institutional repository or on their website) before and during the submission process because it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and more powerful citations of published works. (See Open Access Effects).