Keywords
lifestyle factors
obesity
reproductive factors
risk factors
Categories
How to Cite
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide and remains a major public health concern. Women of reproductive age are an important group because hormonal, reproductive, metabolic, and lifestyle factors during this period may influence the risk of developing breast cancer. This study aimed to identify and summarize the risk factors associated with breast cancer among women of reproductive age based on observational studies published between 2021 and 2026. This research used a literature review approach by collecting relevant scientific articles from several databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. The selected studies consisted of cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control designs. The results show that several factors are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, including higher body mass index (BMI), elevated triglyceride-glucose levels, early menarche, late age at first pregnancy, family history of breast cancer, hormonal contraceptive use, and obesity. In contrast, higher parity, longer breastfeeding duration, and healthier dietary patterns may reduce the risk of breast cancer.
References
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Copyright (c) 2026 Wafa, Frenaya Putri Indira, Maira Ryu Lana Aghnaita, Siti Zaina Ikramullah, Amalina Khairunisa Mumtaz, Nadia Namira Mecca