Antibiogram of Patients With Diabetic Foot at Dr. Soebandi Regional Hospital of Jember, Indonesia

Authors

  • Enny Suswati Universitas Jember
  • Habib Mustofa Universitas Jember
  • Bagus Hermansyah Universitas Jember
  • Dini Agustina Universitas Jember
  • Elly N Sakinah Universitas Jember

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33533/jpm.v17i1.5753

Keywords:

Diabetic Foot, Antibiogram, Resistenace Antibiotics

Abstract

Diabetic foot is a complication of diabetes mellitus that uses antibiotics to control the infection as the primary therapy. This study aimed to determine the type of bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns in diabetic foot. The samples were taken from the medical records of the patients with diabetic foot, who performed the swab culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the inpatient and outpatient care in dr. Soebandi Regional Hospital. The samples used were the patients diagnosed with diabetic foot from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2018. The data in this study were univariately analyzed. Forty-three pathogens were isolated from 40 patients with 12 ESBL isolates. The most common bacteria found were Gram-negative (90.7%), including Escherichia coli (33.33%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.82%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.82%), Enterobacter cloacae (7.69%) and Proteus mirabilis (7.69%). Then, there were also 9.3% Gram-positive bacteria of all isolates, with Staphylococcus aureus as the most dominant species (50%). The antibiotic antimicrobial susceptibility testing also showed that Imipenem, amikacin, fosfomycin, cefoxitin, and netilmicin were the most sensitive antibiotics. The most common type of bacteria found was Escherichia coli, while the antibiotic still sensitive in most bacteria was imipenem.

References

Kavitha KV, Tiwari S, Purandare VB, et al. Choice of Wound Care in Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Practical Approach. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:546–556. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i4.546

WHO. Global Report on Diabetes. World Health Organ 2016: 58(12)1–88. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565257

Akbar G, Karimi J, Anggraini D. Pola Bakteri dan Resistensi Antibiotik pada Ulkus Diabetik Grade Dua di RSUD Arifin Achmad Periode 2012. JOM 2014: 1(2): 1–15. https://jom.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFDOK/article/view/2826

Lai CC, Lee K, Xiao Y. et al. High Burden of Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Asia. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2014: 2 (3): 141–147. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2014.02.007.

Parathon H, Kuntaman K, Widiastoety TH. et al. Progress Towards Antimicrobial Resistance Containment and Control in Indonesia. Br Med J 2017:358: 31–35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j3808

Sutjahjo A. Kuman dan Uji Kepekaan Antibiotik di Kaki Diabetik. Indones J Clin Pathol Med Lab 2014: 20(1): 103. DOI:https://doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v20i1.443

Ningsih PK, Subagijo PB. Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Antibiotic Used for Sepsis Patients in dr. Soebandi Hospital During 2014-2015. Pustaka Kesehatan 2017: 5(1): 151–156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/pk.v5i1.5385

Faridah N, Machlaurin A, Subagijo PB. Cost effectiveness Analysis of Antibiotics in Hospitalized Pediatric Sepsis Patients at RSD dr. Soebandi. Pustaka Kesehatan 2016: 4(2):255–262. https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JPK/article/view/3037

Longdong JB, Dahesihdewi RA, Suwarso. Penampilan Diagnostik agar Kromogenik Selektif untuk Skrining Bakteri Penghasil Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) pada Sampel Dasar Luka Pasien Infeksi Ulkus Kaki Diabetik. Thesis of Universitas Gadjahmada 2017. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/128363

Lee N, Lee C, Huang W. et al. Carbapenem Therapy for Bacteremia Due to Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase -Producing Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae: Implications of Ertapenem Susceptibility. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotheraphy 2012: 56(6): 2888–2893. doi: 10.1128/AAC.06301-11

Nurwahidah, Yusuf S, Tahir T. Identifikasi jenis bakteri pada luka kaki diabetik berdasarkan penyebab luka di rumah perawatan luka dan poliklinik luka di Kota Makassar. J Kesehatan Manarang 2018; 4(2): 97–103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33490/jkm.v4i2.70

Syahputra RRI, Agustina D, Wahyudi SS. The Sensitivity Pattern of Bacteria Against Antibiotics in Urinary Tract Infection Patients at RSD DR. Soebandi Jember. Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences 2018; 4(3): 171–177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/ams.v4i3.6786

Dhafin AA. Analisis Cemaran Bakteri Coliform Escherichia Coli pada Bubur Bayi Home Industry di Kota Malang dengan Metode TPC dan MPN. Thesis of UIN Malang 2017. http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/11560/

Rinaldo C, Farhanah N. Hubungan antara pola kuman dengan infeksi kaki diabetik berdasarkan derajat pedis di RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang. Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro 2017; 6(2): 385–401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/dmj.v6i2.18555

Grossman TH. Tetracycline Antibiotics and Resistance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:a025387. DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025387

Ortega A, Oteo J, Aranzamendi-zaldumbide M. et al. Spanish multicenter study of the epidemiology and mechanisms of amoxicillin-clavulanate resistance in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56(7): 3576-3581. doi: 10.1128/AAC.06393-11

Rodriguez-guardado A, Blanco A, Cartón JA. Ampicillin/Sulbactam in Combination: A Review of its Use in the Treatment of Severe Bacterial Infections. Clin Med Rev Ther 2010; 2: 1–13. DOI: 10.4137/CMRT.S53

Hefni AAH, Ibrahim AMR, Attia KM. et al. Bacteriological study of diabetic foot infection in Egypt. J Arab Soc Med Res 2013; 8: 26–32. DOI: 10.7123/01.JASMR.0000429086.88718.bb

Tahri A, Ksouda K, Kallel R. et al. A carbapenem antibiotic imipenem / cilastatin induces an oxidative stress-status and gonadotoxic effects in wistar rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95: 308–316. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.039.

Codjoe FS, Donkor ES. Carbapenem Resistance: A Review. Med Sci 2018; 6(1): 1–28. doi: 10.3390/medsci6010001.

Ramirez MS, Tolmasky ME. Amikacin: Uses, Resistance, and Prospects for Inhibition. Molecules 2017; 22(2267): 1–23. doi: 10.3390/molecules22122267

Krause KM, Serio AW, Kane TR. et al. Aminoglycosides: An Overview. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6. DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027029

Kohlmann R, Gatermann SG. Analysis and Presentation of Cumulative Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Data – The Influence of Different Parameters in a Routine Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. PLoS One 2016; 11(1). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147965

Joshi S. Hospital antibiogram: A necessity. Indian J Med Microbiol 2010; 28(4): 277–281. doi: 10.4103/0255-0857.71802.

Downloads

Published

2023-06-04

How to Cite

Suswati, E., Mustofa, H., Hermansyah, B., Agustina, D., & Sakinah, E. N. (2023). Antibiogram of Patients With Diabetic Foot at Dr. Soebandi Regional Hospital of Jember, Indonesia. Jurnal Profesi Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.33533/jpm.v17i1.5753