THE ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA ON POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME (PCOS): A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects a significant proportion of women of reproductive age, with prevalence estimated to be between 4% and 21%. It is now understood that PCOS is a complex condition influenced by various internal and external factors. Changes in the gut microbiome have been linked to PCOS, and it is believed that gut microbes may play a role in the development of the syndrome. While many studies have suggested a connection between gut microbiota and PCOS, the specific cause-and-effect relationship remains unclear. Within the intestinal tract and feces, there are six primary bacterial species, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes being the most important for overall health. Shifts in the abundance of these bacteria have been associated with PCOS. The gut microbiota/bile acid/interleukin-22 (IL-22) axis has been investigated as a potential mechanism underlying the development of PCOS. Certain types of gut microbiota can trigger oxidative stress and inflammatory responses from mononuclear cells in women with PCOS by influencing dietary factors. Probiotics have demonstrated potential benefits for specific parameters related to PCOS, such as BMI, FPG, and lipid profiles. Women with PCOS have been found to consume lower levels of dietary fiber compared to those without the condition. Although several explanations have been proposed for the link between gut microbiota and PCOS, further research is necessary to explore other potential mechanisms.