Analisis Faktor Internal dan Eksternal Bank Terhadap Penyaluran Kredit Bank Umum Swasta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59664/jded.v4i2.9127Abstract
Peran dari perbankan dalam perekonomian salah satunya yaitu penyaluran kredit. Lembaga keuangan bank menjadi penyalur terbesar dari penyaluran kredit ini. Tidak hanya bank dalam negeri, bank umum swasta juga menjadi penyumbang penyaluran kredit. Terdapat 50 perbankan umum swasta yang terdaftar di OJK. Dalam penyaluran kredit terdapat beberapa faktor internal dan eksternal yang dapat mempengaruhi penyaluran kredit. Faktor internal yaitu Non-Performing Loan (NPL) dan Beban Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO), sedangkan faktor eksternal Inflasi dan Suku Bunga. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh NPL, BOPO, Inflasi dan Suku Bunga terhadap penyaluran kredit. Sampel digunakan secara tahunan dengan periode 2015-2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis regresi data panel dan asumsi klasik. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan metode Fixed Effect Model menunjukkan bahwa NPL, BOPO, Inflasi dan Suku Bunga memiliki pengaruh secara simultan terdahap penyaluran kredit. Secara parsial variabel NPL memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap penyaluran kredit. Variabel BOPO memiliki pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap penyaluran kredit. Sedangkan variabel Inflasi memiliki pengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap penyaluran kredit, dan yang terakhir variabel suku bunga memiliki pengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap penyaluran kredit.
Kata Kunci: NPL; BOPO; Inflasi; Suku Bunga; Penyaluran Kredit
Abstract
One of the roles of banking in the economy is credit distribution. Banking financial institutions are the largest distributors of this credit distribution. Not only domestic banks, but private commercial banks also contribute to credit distribution. There are 50 private commercial banks registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK). Several internal and external factors can influence credit distribution. Internal factors include Non-Performing Loans (NPL) and Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO), while external factors include Inflation and Interest Rates. This study examines the effect of NPL, BOPO, Inflation, and Interest Rates on credit distribution. The sample used is annual for the period 2015-2023. This study uses panel data regression analysis and classical assumptions. The results of the study, conducted using the Fixed Effect Model method, indicate that NPL, BOPO, Inflation, and Interest Rates have a simultaneous influence on credit distribution. Partially, the NPL variable has a significant positive effect on credit distribution. The BOPO variable has a significant negative effect on credit distribution. Meanwhile, the inflation variable has a negative and insignificant influence on credit distribution, and finally the interest rate variable has a positive and insignificant influence on credit distribution.
Keywords: NPL; BOPO; Inflation; Interest Rates; Credit Distribution
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