Analisis Determinan Neraca Transaksi Berjalan di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59664/jded.v4i2.8971Abstract
Abstrak
Neraca transaksi berjalan merupakan salah satu komponen neraca pembayaran yang mencerminkan kesehatan ekonomi suatu negara dalam hubungannya dengan perdagangan internasional. Oleh karena itu, para pembuat kebijakan ekonomi dan analis pasar dapat menggunakan neraca transaksi berjalan sebagai alat penting untuk memahami dinamika ekonomi global dan menentukan arah kebijakan yang tepat guna mencapai keseimbangan ekonomi yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi neraca transaksi berjalan di Indonesia menggunakan data time series triwulanan dari tahun 2007 hingga 2023 serta metode analisis Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) menggunakan perangkat lunak Eviews 12. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam model jangka pendek, variabel ekspor pada tahun berjalan tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan, sedangkan pada lag 1, lag 2, dan lag 3, variabel ini memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap neraca transaksi berjalan. Variabel cadangan devisa memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap neraca transaksi berjalan, sementara variabel nilai tukar dan inflasi tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan. Dalam model jangka panjang, variabel ekspor dan nilai tukar tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap neraca transaksi berjalan, sedangkan variabel cadangan devisa memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan, dan variabel inflasi memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap neraca transaksi berjalan.
Kata kunci: Neraca Transaksi Berjalan; Ekspor; Cadangan Devisa; Nilai Tukar; Inflasi
Abstract
The current account balance is one component of the balance of payments that reflects a country's economic health in relation to international trade. Therefore, economic policymakers and market analysts can use the current account balance as a crucial tool to understand global economic dynamics and determine appropriate policies to achieve sustainable economic balance. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the current account balance in Indonesia using quarterly time series data from 2007 to 2023 and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) analysis method with the assistance of Eviews 12 software. The results show that in the short-term model, the export variable for the current year does not have a significant impact, whereas at lag 1, lag 2, and lag 3, this variable has a positive and significant effect on the current account balance. The foreign exchange reserves variable has a positive and significant effect on the current account balance, while the exchange rate and inflation variables do not have a significant effect. In the long-term model, the export and exchange rate variables do not have a significant effect on the current account balance, while the foreign exchange reserves variable has a positive and significant effect, and the inflation variable has a negative and significant effect on the current account balance.
Keywords: Current Account Balance; Exports; Foreign Exchange Reserves; Exchange Rate; Inflation
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