ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI 4 NEGARA ASEAN
Abstract
Perekonomian ASEAN saat ini telah menjadi fokus perhatian global dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, yang tidak lepas dari dampak krisis ekonomi di pasar internasional. Analisis dan pengukuran pertumbuhan ekonomi yang diupayakan oleh pemerintah dan sektor swasta melalui pendekatan makroekonomi bertujuan untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang muncul dalam perekonomian suatu negara. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Modal, Tenaga Kerja, Ekspor, dan Inflasi terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di 4 Negara ASEAN. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh di 4 Negara ASEAN yaitu Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, dan Filipina pada periode waktu 2012-2022 yang bersumber dari WorldBank. Untuk tujuan tersebut, diterapkan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan merancang model ekonometrika yang didasarkan pada teori fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas. Pembangunan model ini melibatkan data panel dengan bantuan software STATA 17 dan memiliki model terbaik Fixed Effect Model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial, variabel Modal tidak memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sebaliknya, variabel Tenaga Kerja memberikan pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Variabel Ekspor juga memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, sementara variabel Inflasi tidak memberikan pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Dan secara simultan Modal, Tenaga Kerja, Ekspor, Inflasi berpengaruh terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi
Kata Kunci: Modal, Tenaga Kerja, Ekspor, Inflasi, dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi
Abstract
The current ASEAN economy has become the focus of global attention in recent decades, which cannot be separated from the impact of the economic crisis on the international market. Analysis and measurement of economic growth pursued by the government and private sector through a macroeconomic approach aims to overcome problems that arise in a country's economy. This study aims to analyze the effect of Capital, Labor, Exports, and Inflation on Economic Growth in 4 ASEAN Countries. Sampling using saturated sampling techniques in 4 ASEAN countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines in the 2012-2022 time period sourced from WorldBank. For this purpose, a quantitative approach is applied by designing an econometric model based on the Cobb-Douglas theory of the production function. The construction of this model involves panel data with STATA 17 software and has the best Fixed Effect Model model. The results showed that partially, the Capital variable did not contribute significantly to economic growth. Export variables also have a positive and significant influence on economic growth, while inflation variables do not have a significant positive impact on economic growth partially. However, when viewed together, the variables Capital, Labor, Exports, and Inflation simultaneously show a significant positive influence on economic growth.
Keywords: Capital, Labor, Exports, Inflation, and Economic Growth
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