ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA DI 10 PROVINSI PULAU SUMATERA TAHUN 2010-2022
Abstract
Satu diantara 5 Pulau terbesar di Indonesia yaitu Pulau Sumatera memiliki besaran jumlah angkatan kerja terbanyak dengan potensi SDA serta kemampuan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang baik, namun belum optimal dalam menyerap tenaga kerja dikarenakan adanya beberapa fenomena yang terjadi, termasuk kebijakan yang belum maksimal dikembangkan di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk dapat melihat adanya dampak antara variabel Tingkat Pendidikan (TP), Upah Minimum Regional (UMR), Investasi (INV), Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), dan Jumlah Unit Usaha (JUU) terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja (PTK) di 10 Provinsi Pulau Sumatera. Dalam penelitian terdapat 130 sampel dengan jenis data sekunder yang diambil melalui BPS. Teknik analisis yang digunakan ialah regresi data panel yang diolah dengan Stata 17 dengan model terbaiknya adalah FEM dan dikembangkan menggunakan model FGLS dikarenakan adanya permasalahan asumsi klasik. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa TP dan Investasi berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap PTK, UMR tidak berpengaruh signifikan dan negatif terhadap PTK, serta PDRB dan JUU berpengaruh signifikan dan negatif terhadap PTK. Adapun secara simultan menunjukkan bahwa TP, UMR, INV, PDRB, dan JUU berpengaruh signifikan terhadap PTK.
Kata Kunci: Tenaga Kerja; Pendidikan; Upah; Investasi; PDRB; Usaha.
Abstract
One of the 5 largest islands in Indonesia, namely Sumatra Island, has the largest workforce with natural resource potential and good economic growth capabilities, but is not yet optimal in absorbing labor due to several phenomena that occur, including policies that have not been optimally developed in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to see the impact of the variables Educational Level (TP), Regional Minimum Wage (UMR), Investment (INV), Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), and Number of Business Units (JUU) on Labor Absorption (PTK) in 10 Provinces of Sumatra Island. In the research there were 130 samples with secondary data types taken through BPS. The analysis technique used is panel data regression processed with Stata 17 with the best model being FEM and developed using the FGLS model due to classical assumption problems. The research results explain that TP and Investment have a significant positive effect on PTK, UMR does not have a significant and negative effect on PTK, and GRDP and JUU have a significant and negative effect on PTK. Simultaneously, it shows that TP, UMR, INV, GRDP, and JUU have a significant effect on PTK.
Keywords: Inflation Rate; IndONIA; BI7DRR; Money Supply; Exchange Rate
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