ANALISIS DETERMINAN VOLUME EKSPOR BATUBARA INDONESIA KE LIMA NEGARA TUJUAN EKSPOR
Abstract
Indonesia berada pada urutan ketiga negara yang memproduksi batubara terbanyak di dunia dan ditambah lagi, Indonesia diandalkan dalam hal pengekspor batubara terbesar di dunia. Saat ini batubara masih mendominasi dalam penggunaan pembangkit listrik. Meskipun begitu peralihan dari energi fosil ke renewable energy telah dibahas oleh banyak negara, peralihan ini akan membuat penggunaan energi fosil menjadi berkurang. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan beberapa variabel ekonomi diantaranya adalah inflasi, GDP dan kurs. Dalam hal ini, penelitian ditujukan guna menganalisis determinan yang memengaruhi fluktuasi volume ekspor batubara di Indonesia pada pada negara penerima, yaitu India, China, Jepang, Korea Selatan dan Malaysia pada tahun 2005 – 2021. Jumlah observer pada penelitian ini yaitu sebesar 85 data, dimana data yang digunakan berupa jenis data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui laman resmi world bank dan Badan Pusat Statistik. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Inflasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volume ekspor batu bara Indonesia pada negara penerima. (2) GDP berpengaruh Positif signifikan terhadap volume ekspor batu bara Indonesia pada negara penerima. (3) Kurs berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap volume ekspor batu bara Indonesia pada negara penerima dan (4) renewable energy berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap volume ekspor batubara Indonesia pada negara penerima.
Indonesia is in the third place in the world's largest coal producing country and in addition, Indonesia is relied on in terms of the world's largest coal exporter. Currently, coal still dominates in the use of power plants. Even though the transition from fossil energy to renewable energy has been discussed by many countries, this transition will reduce the use of fossil energy. In this study several economic variables were used including inflation, GDP and exchange rates. In this case, the research is aimed at analyzing the determinants that affect fluctuations in the volume of coal exports in Indonesia in recipient countries, namely India, China, Japan, South Korea and Malaysia in 2005 – 2021. The number of observers in this study is 85 data, where the data used in the form of secondary data types obtained through the official website of the world bank and the Central Bureau of Statistics. The data analysis technique used in this study is the panel data regression method. The results of this study indicate that (1) Inflation has no significant effect on the volume of Indonesian coal exports to recipient countries. (2) GDP has a significant positive effect on the volume of Indonesian coal exports in recipient countries. (3) The exchange rate has a significant negative effect on the volume of Indonesian coal exports to recipient countries and (4) renewable energy has a significant negative effect on the volume of Indonesian coal exports to recipient countries.
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