ANALISIS PENGARUH NILAI TUKAR, TINGKAT SUKU BUNGA, DAN PDB TERHADAP NERACA PERDAGANGAN INDONESIA
Abstract
Neraca perdagangan tentunya memiliki pengaruh dalam melakukan perdagangan internasional yang dilakukan oleh setiap negara, karena setiap kegiatan yang terjadi pada perdagangan internasional seperti ekspor dan impor perlu dicatat agar melihat neraca perdagangan suatu negara berada pada posisi surplus atau defisit. Perdagangan internasional sendiri dapat terjadi disebabkan adanya perbedaan sumber daya alam yang dimiliki oleh masing-masing wilayah ataupun negara. Neraca Perdagangan di Indonesia dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, seperti nilai tukar, tingkat suku bunga, dan produk domestik bruto (PDB). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh nilai tukar, suku bunga, dan produk domestik bruto terhadap neraca pedagangan Indonesia. Objek yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Indonesia dengan menggunakan sampel dari tahun 1991-2021. Teknik analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Error Correction Model (ECM) yaitu guna menganalisis jangka panjang dan jangka pendek, dilakukan juga uji asumsi klasik dan juga uji signifikansi yang terdiri dari uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, uji autokorelasi, uji parsial (uji t), uji sumultan (uji F), uji R-Squared dan Adjusted R-Squared. Penelitian ini menunjukan hasil bahwa nilai tukar berpengaruh terhadap neraca perdagangan Indonesia disebabkan nilai tukar yang menguat dapat berdampak baik terhadap neraca perdagangan, dengan menguatnya nilai tukar akan menekan nilai ekspor agar lebih besar dari nilai impor. Sedangkan tingkat suku bunga dan produk domestik bruto tidak berpengaruh terhadap neraca perdagangan Indonesia dikarenakan adanya pertumbuhan ekonomi global yang tidak merata, ketidakpastian pasar keuangan global yang merupakan dampak pandemic Covid-19, selain itu terjadinya hambatan dalam perdagangan internasional yang dilakukan setiap negara, dan juga inflasi di Indonesia lebih rendah dari perkiraan sebelumnya.
The trade balance certainly has an influence in carrying out international trade carried out by each country, because every activity that occurs in international trade such as exports and imports needs to be recorded in order to see that a country's trade balance is in a surplus or deficit position. Differences in the natural resources that each region or nation owns can influence international trade. Several variables, including currency rates, interest rates, and gross domestic product, can affect Indonesia's trade balance The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of GDP, interest rates, and currency rates on Indonesia's trade balance. Indonesia served as the study's subject, and samples from 1991 to 2021 were used. The Error Correction Model is the analytical method utilized in this investigation (ECM), which is to analyze the long and short term, a classical assumption test is also carried out and also a significance test consisting of normality tests, multicholinearity tests, autocorrelation tests, partial tests (t tests), simultaneous tests (F tests), tests using R-Squared and adjusted R-Squared. This study demonstrates that the exchange rate has an impact on Indonesia's trade balance because a stronger exchange rate can positively affect the trade balance by suppressing the value of exports to be higher than the value of imports. Due to unequal global economic growth, anxiety in the global financial markets brought on by the Covid-19 epidemic, impediments in each country's international commerce, and lower-than-anticipated inflation in Indonesia, interest rates and GDP have little impact on Indonesia's trade balance.
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