Analisis Determinasi Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka Di Provinsi Banten
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59664/jded.v5i2.13748Keywords:
UMK, RLS, PDRB, Open Unemployment Rate, Panel Data, Banten.Abstract
Abstrak
Fenomena pengangguran terbuka masih menjadi isu strategis di Provinsi Banten meskipun pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah menunjukkan perkembangan yang positif. Kondisi ini mengindikasikan adanya ketidaksinkronan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi, peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia, serta kebijakan ketenagakerjaan yang diterapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Upah Minimum Kabupaten/Kota (UMK), Rata-Rata Lama Sekolah (RLS), dan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) di Provinsi Banten pada periode 2010–2024. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UMK berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap TPT, sehingga peningkatan upah minimum terbukti mampu menurunkan tingkat pengangguran terbuka. Variabel RLS berpengaruh negatif namun tidak signifikan, yang mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan pendidikan belum sepenuhnya memberikan dampak optimal terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja. Sementara itu, PDRB berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap TPT, yang menunjukkan adanya fenomena jobless growth, di mana pertumbuhan ekonomi tidak sepenuhnya diikuti dengan peningkatan kesempatan kerja. Secara umum, hasil penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya integrasi kebijakan pendidikan, ketenagakerjaan, dan pembangunan ekonomi daerah agar mampu meningkatkan kualitas tenaga kerja serta memperluas kesempatan kerja secara berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci: UMK, RLS, PDRB, Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka, Panel Data, Banten.
Abstract
Open unemployment remains a strategic issue in Banten Province despite the region’s relatively positive economic growth. This condition indicates a possible mismatch between economic expansion, the improvement of human capital quality, and the effectiveness of employment policies implemented at the regional level. This study aims to analyze the influence of the Regency/City Minimum Wage (UMK), Average Length of Schooling (RLS), and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) on the Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) in Banten Province during the period 2010–2024. The results show that the minimum wage has a negative and significant effect on the open unemployment rate, indicating that an increase in UMK contributes to reducing unemployment through improved welfare and labor absorption. The RLS variable has a negative but insignificant effect, suggesting that the increase in educational attainment has not yet been optimally aligned with labor market needs. Meanwhile, GRDP has a positive and insignificant effect on unemployment, reflecting the phenomenon of jobless growth, where economic growth is not fully accompanied by an expansion in employment opportunities. Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of integrating education, labor, and economic development policies to strengthen human capital quality and expand employment opportunities in a sustainable manner.
Keywords: UMK, RLS, PDRB, Open Unemployment Rate, Panel Data, Banten.
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