Analisis Pengaruh Pengangguran, Gini Rasio, dan Jumlah Penduduk Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Lampung
Abstract
Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) merupakan salah satu indikator penting dalam mengukur kualitas pembangunan di suatu daerah. Provinsi Lampung menghadapi tantangan signifikan dalam peningkatan IPM, yang masih berada di bawah rata-rata nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh tingkat pengangguran, Gini rasio, dan jumlah penduduk terhadap IPM di Provinsi Lampung pada periode 2014-2023. Data yang digunakan merupakan data panel dari 15 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Lampung, dengan jumlah total sampel sebanyak 150. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan metode regresi data panel melalui perangkat lunak Stata 17. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengangguran memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap IPM, tetapi pengaruhnya tidak signifikan. Demikian pula, Gini rasio menunjukkan pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap IPM. Sebaliknya, jumlah penduduk memiliki pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap IPM di Provinsi Lampung. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa pengurangan ketimpangan ekonomi dan penciptaan lapangan kerja harus menjadi prioritas kebijakan untuk mendorong peningkatan IPM. Selain itu, kualitas pendidikan dan kesehatan harus terus ditingkatkan untuk mendukung pembangunan manusia yang berkelanjutan di daerah tersebut.
Kata kunci: Gini Rasio, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, Jumlah Penduduk, Pengangguran
Abstract
The Human Development Index (HDI) is one of the important indicators in measuring the quality of development in a region. Lampung Province faces significant challenges in improving HDI, which is still below the national average. This study aims to analyze the effect of unemployment rate, Gini ratio, and population on HDI in Lampung Province in the period 2014-2023. The data used is panel data from 15 districts/cities in Lampung Province, with a total sample size of 150. The analysis was conducted using the panel data regression method through Stata 17 software. The results showed that the unemployment rate had a negative effect on HDI, but the effect was not significant. Similarly, the Gini ratio shows a significant negative influence on HDI. In contrast, the total population has a significant positive influence on HDI in Lampung Province. These findings indicate that reducing economic inequality and job creation should be policy priorities to boost HDI. In addition, the quality of education and health should be continuously improved to support sustainable human development in the region.
Keyword: Gini Ratio, Human Development Index, Total Population, Unemployment
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