Determinan Cadangan Devisa Indonesia
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh nilai tukar, tingkat suku bunga, produk domestik bruto (PDB), neraca perdagangan, dan Volatility Index (VIX) terhadap cadangan devisa Indonesia selama periode 1993–2023. Cadangan devisa merupakan komponen penting dalam menjaga stabilitas ekonomi makro, khususnya dalam menghadapi tekanan ekonomi global. Dengan menggunakan metode Error Correction Model (ECM), penelitian ini mengungkap dinamika hubungan antara variabel-variabel makroekonomi tersebut baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai tukar dan PDB memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap cadangan devisa dalam jangka panjang, mencerminkan kontribusi dari daya saing ekspor dan pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap akumulasi devisa. Namun, dalam jangka pendek, nilai tukar tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan. Sebaliknya, tingkat suku bunga, neraca perdagangan, dan VIX tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap cadangan devisa baik dalam jangka pendek maupun panjang. Hal ini menyoroti kompleksitas pengelolaan kebijakan ekonomi di tengah ketidakpastian global. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi teoritis dalam memahami hubungan antara variabel makroekonomi dan cadangan devisa melalui kerangka teori monetarisme. Selain itu, hasil penelitian ini juga memberikan manfaat praktis bagi pembuat kebijakan dalam merumuskan strategi untuk menjaga stabilitas ekonomi melalui pengelolaan cadangan devisa.
Kata Kunci: Nilai Tukar, Tingkat Suku Bunga, PDB, Neraca Perdagangan, Volatility Index (VIX), Cadangan Devisa, Error Correction Model (ECM).
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the impact of exchange rates, interest rates, gross domestic product (GDP), trade balance, and Volatility Index (VIX) on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves during the 1993–2023 period. Foreign exchange reserves are a critical component in maintaining macroeconomic stability, especially in the face of global economic pressures. Using the Error Correction Model (ECM) method, this research explores the dynamic relationships between these macroeconomic variables in both the short and long term. The findings reveal that exchange rates and GDP have a significant positive influence on foreign exchange reserves in the long term, reflecting the contribution of export competitiveness and economic growth to reserve accumulation. However, in the short term, exchange rates show no significant impact. Conversely, interest rates, trade balance, and VIX do not significantly affect foreign exchange reserves in either the short or long term. These results highlight the complexities of economic policy management amid global uncertainties. This study contributes theoretically to understanding the relationship between macroeconomic variables and foreign exchange reserves through the lens of monetarism theory. Additionally, the findings provide practical insights for policymakers in formulating strategies to maintain economic stability through effective foreign exchange reserve management.
Keywords: Exchange Rate, Interest Rate, GDP, Trade Balance, Volatility Index (VIX), Foreign Exchange Reserves, Error Correction Model (ECM).
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