Intellectual Capital Dynamics In Microfinance: An Integrative Review and Strategic Framework for PT PNM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62108/asrj.v5i2.15204Keywords:
dinamika modal intelektual, modal manusia, modal organisasi, modal relasional, mikrofinansialAbstract
Kompleksitas yang semakin tinggi dalam lanskap keuangan mikro menuntut pemahaman yang lebih dinamis tentang bagaimana modal intelektual (intellectual capital/IC) mendorong keberlanjutan organisasi dan keunggulan kompetitif. Meskipun penelitian terdahulu telah mengkaji modal manusia (human capital), modal organisasi (organizational capital), dan modal relasional (relational capital) sebagai konstruk yang terpisah, interaksi dinamis di antara ketiganya dalam konteks lembaga keuangan mikro masih belum dikembangkan secara teoritis. Tinjauan literatur sistematis ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi bagaimana interaksi antar tiga dimensi IC membentuk kinerja organisasi, ketahanan strategis, dan keberlanjutan jangka panjang, dengan rujukan khusus pada PT Permodalan Nasional Madani (PT PNM) sebagai lembaga pembiayaan ultra mikro terkemuka di Indonesia. Mengikuti protokol tinjauan sistematis, 15 artikel jurnal ilmiah bereputasi yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2020 hingga 2026 dipilih dari basis data Scopus, Web of Science, Emerald, dan ScienceDirect. Sintesis tematik mengungkapkan bahwa dinamika IC, bukan komponen IC yang terisolasi, merupakan mekanisme fundamental yang memungkinkan lembaga keuangan mikro membangun keunggulan kompetitif, mempertahankan efektivitas operasional, dan memperluas dampak sosial. Gap penelitian kritis diidentifikasi pada dimensi teoretis, empiris, kontekstual, metodologis, kebijakan, dan manajerial, yang menunjukkan bahwa kerangka IC terintegrasi yang disesuaikan dengan konteks keuangan mikro masih sangat langka dalam literatur. Temuan ini memberikan implikasi strategis bagi PT PNM dalam memanfaatkan dinamisme IC sebagai kapabilitas organisasional di era transformasi digital dan evolusi keuangan sosial.
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