Macronutrient Intake, Hemoglobin Levels, Stress Levels, and Nutritional Status on the Menstrual Cycle of the Vegetarian Community

Abstract

Abstract: Background: The menstrual cycle is the period from the start of menstruation to the beginning of the next menstruation. Disorders in the menstrual cycle include various abnormalities such as excessive or very light bleeding, irregular cycles, or even the absence of menstruation. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between nutritional intake, hemoglobin levels, stress levels, nutritional status, and vegetarian's menstrual cycle. Methods: The research design used is a cross- sectional study. The sample consisted of 62 members of the Indonesia Vegetarian Society (IVS) Jakarta, selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test. Results: The results of the bivariate analysis showed a relationship between energy intake (p=0,046), hemoglobin levels (p=0,011), and stress levels (p=0,005) with the menstrual cycle. However, there was no relationship between protein intake (p=0,449), fat intake (p=0,071), carbohydrate intake (p=0,609), iron intake (p=0,318), and nutritional status (p=0,854) with the respondent’s menstrual cycle. Conclusion: Vegetarians are advised to monitor their carbohydrate intake, regularly check hemoglobin levels, and apply effective stress management techniques to avoid irregular menstrual cycles.

Keywords: nutrient intake; hemoglobin levels; stress levels; nutritional status; menstrual cycle