DOES BYSTANDER RESUSCITATION TREND INCREASE AFTER CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION TRAINING?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52020/.v6i3.4239Keywords:
Keperawatan, Gawat Darurat, CPR, ResusitasiAbstract
ABSTRAK
Beberapa penelitian telah menggarisbawahi manfaat Resusitasi Jantung Paru (RJP) yang diberikan oleh orang awam terhadap angka keberlangsungan hidup penderita Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA). Berbagai pelatihan diberikan kepada orang awam untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilannya dalam melakukan RJP. Namun, masih terdapat perbedaan hasil penelitian tentang apakah pelatihan-pelatihan tersebut dapat meningkatkan angka RJP yang dilakukan oleh orang awam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau secara sistematis penelitian-penelitian yang mengevaluasi efek dari pelatihan RJP untuk orang awam terhadap tren RJP oleh orang awam serta tingkat kelangsungan hidup dari penderita OHCA. Strategi pencarian diterapkan dalam database Proquest, Medline, dan Cochrane. Enam penelitian kuantitatif observasional disertakan dalam telaah. Dua penelitian menunjukan peningkatan tren RJP oleh orang awam setelah diadakan pelatihan, dan dua lainnya menunjukan penurunan dengan rata-rata tren meningkat 6.69% (95% CI -1.53-14.9). Tiga dari empat penelitian menunujukan hasil positif dari pelatihan RJP terhadap tingkat kelangsungan hidup OHCA. Satu penelitian membandingkan RJP oleh orang awam yang terlatih dibanding yang tidak terlatih yang tidak menunjukan perbedaan signifikan (p=0.5). Pelatihan RJP untuk orang awam dapat meningkatkan angka RJP pada OHCA. Namun, perlu penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui apakah pelatihan ini dapat meningkatkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup penderita OHCA. Penting untuk melakukan evaluasi terhadap cakupan dan efek dari pelatihan RJP di tingkat komunitas terhadap tren RJP oleh orang awam.
Kata Kunci: Pelatihan RJP, RJP orang awam, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
ABSTRACT
Numbers of studies have reported the benefit of bystander CPR on Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA). Training programs are sought to improve the knowledge and skills of lay people in conducting CPR. However, there are still varied results on whether training can increase the actual bystander CPR. This study systematically reviews studies that evaluate the effect of CPR training for laypeople on bystander CPR and the survival rate of OHCA. We applied a search strategy in Proquest, Medline, and Cochrane databases. We include six quantitative observational studies for review. Two studies show an increased bystander CPR trend after training, and two studies show a downward trend, with a mean trend increase of 6.69% (95% CI -1.53-14.9). Three out of four studies show an increased survival rate. One study comparing bystander CPR between trained and untrained groups shows no significant difference (p=0.5). The CPR training for laypeople could increase the percentage of bystander CPR. Further studies that assess the bystander CPR by laypeople and analyze its effect on survival is needed. Evaluating community-level CPR training programs is pivotal to determine the coverage and the effect on bystander CPR trend.
Keywords: CPR training, bystander CPR, survival rate, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
References
Berdowski, J., Berg, R. A., Tijssen, J. G. P., & Koster, R. W. (2010). Global incidences of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and survival rates: Systematic review of 67 prospective studies. Resuscitation, 81(11), 1479–1487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.08.006
Bergamo, C., Bui, Q. M., Gonzales, L., Hinchey, P., Sasson, C., & Cabanas, J. G. (2016). TAKE10: A community approach to teaching compression-only CPR to high-risk zip codes. Resuscitation, 102, 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.02.019
Bobrow, B. J., Spaite, D. W., Berg, R. A., Stolz, U., Sanders, A. B., Kern, K. B., … Ewy, G. A. (2010). Chest compression-only CPR by lay rescuers and survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA, 304(13), 1447–1454. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.1392
Bray, J. E., Straney, L., Smith, K., Cartledge, S., Case, R., Bernard, S., & Finn, J. (2017). Regions With Low Rates of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Have Lower Rates of CPR Training in Victoria, Australia. Journal Of The American Heart Association, 6(6). https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.117.005972
Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. (2018). Appraisal Checklists. Retrieved from https://casp-uk.net
Fordyce, C. B., Hansen, C. M., Kragholm, K., Dupre, M. E., Jollis, J. G., Roettig, M. L., … Granger, C. B. (2017). Association of Public Health Initiatives With Outcomes for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest at Home and in Public Locations. JAMA Cardiology, 2(11), 1226–1235. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2017.3471
Hasselqvist-Ax, I., Riva, G., Herlitz, J., Rosenqvist, M., Hollenberg, J., Nordberg, P., … Leif, S. (2015). Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The New England Journal Of Medicine, 372(24), 2307–2315. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1405796
Jarrah, S., Judeh, M., & AbuRuz, M. E. (2018). Evaluation of public awareness, knowledge and attitudes towards basic life support: a cross-sectional study. BMC Emergency Medicine, 18(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-018-0190-5
Lee, M. J., Hwang, S. O., Cha, K. C., Cho, G. C., Yang, H. J., & Rho, T. H. (2013). Influence of nationwide policy on citizens’ awareness and willingness to perform bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation, 84(7), 889–894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.01.009
McNally, B., Robb, R., Mehta, M., Vellano, K., Valderrama, A. L., Yoon, P. W., … Kellermann, A. (2011). Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest surveillance --- Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES), United States, October 1, 2005--December 31, 2010. Morbidity And Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries (Washington, D.C.: 2002), 60(8), 1–19. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=21796098&site=ehost-live
Meaney, P. A., Topjian, A. A., Chandler, H. K., Botha, M., Soar, J., Berg, R. A., & Nadkarni, V. M. (2010). Resuscitation training in developing countries: A systematic review. Resuscitation, 81(11), 1462–1472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.06.024
Nishiyama, C., Kitamura, T., Sakai, T., Murakami, Y., Shimamoto, T., Kawamura, T., … Iwami, T. (2019). Community-Wide Dissemination of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Automated External Defibrillator Use Using a 45-Minute Chest Compression-Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training. Journal Of The American Heart Association, 8(1), e009436–e009436. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.009436
Nishiyama, C., Sato, R., Baba, M., Kuroki, H., Kawamura, T., Kiguchi, T., … Iwami, T. (2019). Actual resuscitation actions after the training of chest compression-only CPR and AED use among new university students. Resuscitation, 141, 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.05.040
Perkins, G. D., Jacobs, I. G., Nadkarni, V. M., Berg, R. A., Bhanji, F., Biarent, D., … Zideman, D. A. (2015). Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcome reports: Update of the Utstein resuscitation registry templates for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. In Circulation (Vol. 132). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000144
Straney, L. D., Bray, J. E., Beck, B., Bernard, S., Lijovic, M., & Smith, K. (2016). Are sociodemographic characteristics associated with spatial variation in the incidence of OHCA and bystander CPR rates? A population-based observational study in Victoria, Australia. BMJ Open, 6(11), e012434. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012434
Tanigawa, K., Iwami, T., Nishiyama, C., Nonogi, H., & Kawamura, T. (2011). Are trained individuals more likely to perform bystander CPR? An observational study. Resuscitation, 82(5), 523–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.01.027
Uber, A., Sadler, R. C., Chassee, T., & Reynolds, J. C. (2018). Does Non-Targeted Community CPR Training Increase Bystander CPR Frequency? Pre-hospital Emergency Care, 22(6), 753–761. https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2018.1459978
World Health Organization. (2017). Fact sheets: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)
Yan, S., Gan, Y., Jiang, N., Wang, R., Chen, Y., Luo, Z., … Lv, C. (2020). The global survival rate among adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical Care, 24(1), 8–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-2773-2
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Jurnal Gantari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi oleh Penulis sebagai berikut:
Penulis menyimpan hak cipta dan memberikan jurnal hak penerbitan pertama naskah secara simultan dengan lisensi di bawah Creative Commons Attribution License yang mengizinkan orang lain untuk berbagi pekerjaan dengan sebuah pernyataan kepenulisan pekerjaan dan penerbitan awal di jurnal ini.
